NAGA PEACE TALK

Do You the largest and the oldest insurgency in Asia?

Yes, it exists in our country in the Nagaland and the contiguous border it shares with Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and also with Myanmar.

Naga is known for its unique cultures, ethnicity, and Tradition well different from general Indian customs. 
This fact made them little uncomfortable to merge with general Indian Traditions

History

It was in the 18th century when through East India Company, Britishers start their rule in India, but with the huge Independence movement in 1857, it was formally being transferred to British Empire in the 19th century.
While Britishers start ruling at most of the parts of India during the 18th century but at the same time they started increasing their footprints across the different corners of Indian Subcontinents.
It was in 1826 when Britishers annexed the Northeastern part of India through Assam and had reached then Assam's eastern district Naga Hill, now Nagaland, and had started controlling under their administration, being governed directly through the parliament of British like the other part of the country.
Now with the response to the Indian Act of 1919, Simon commission of 7 members was made whose basic responsibility was to increases the participation of Indians in Governance of British India by making certain amendments, while Simon was on their trip to various parts of the country to get to know to make proper amendments on Indian act of 1919, they were approached by Naga and they clearly told them as they want to be separate from entire Union of India as a separate Sovereign Territory.

When the Independence of India was certain, 1 day before Indian Independence, peoples from the Naga community announced their freedom on 14th Aug.1947 as a separate country and unfurled their own flag.
While the whole Union of India got freedom, and since Nagahill was extended Part of Assam, Then Naga Hill included in the Union of India.

After this, a huge insurgency movement had started in the part of Nagaland then Naga Hill, the part of Assam.
Many People of Naga were not ready to be a part of Union hence they started supporting the Insurgence movement and lots of Insurgent groups were formed in which the most prominent was NNC (Naga Nationalist Council), a political group with the objective to form autonomous Naga territory.
The NNC was conceptualized by the leader of Nagas "A Z Phinzo".

WHO ARE NAGAS?

Naga is the Ethnic group of the Northeastern part of India combines with part of Nagaland, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and part of Myanmar.

Just like Punjabis in part of Indian and Pakistan.

Now, NNC by the time of 1955, had emerged as one of the prominent insurgent group and had been demanding to form separate Naga Territory, they had been running a parallel Govt. including Defence, Home, Finance, etc and had their own Army which on continuous basis ambushing on our Armed Forces led to the martyrdom of many and making the space of Naga Hill as bloody ground.
Seeing insurgency on high, Indian Govt. had recommended the Naga Hill under the Disturb Area Act of 1958 and imposed Armed forces special power act (AFSPA) in 1958 on the land of Naga to suppress insurgency and maintain law and order.

The imposition of AFSPA made the tussle grimmer between Indian Army and The Armed group of NNC, leads to bloody skirmishes and ambushes.
Situation Deteriorated more steeply and both parties understand nothing would achieve without consultations and Indian Govt. met the NNC counterparts and 16 Point agreement signed in which Indian Govt. agree to carve Naga Hill as a separate 2nd State after Assam in the northeast. 
Hence for better management, a separate Nagaland state had been formed in 1963 to restrict the insurgency to a particular radius.

But it was a Myopic agreement and the ambushes keep happening in the 1960s and 1970s.

Then again both stakeholders met at Shillong in 1975.

After a long tussle between both, Shillong accord was signed between GOI and NNC which says:
1. Weapons would be submitted by insurgents
2. Naga peoples respect the constitution of India
3. The framework will be made in the future

But it was not liked by many Insurgents and NNC later was dissolved and the new insurgent group formed namely NSCN (National socialist council of Nagalim) to increase their cause which latter because of internal rift got splitted in 2 entities. NSCN(IM) formed by 2 Indian Naga named Isak and Muivah and NSCN(K) formed by Khaplang the Mynamar based Naga hence headquarters based in Myanmar.

Now the bloody clashes went wide with 3 Stakeholders i.e Indian Armed Forces, NSCN(IM) and NSCN(k) and all three had been in a tussle with each other making the job of Indian Army and Assam Rifles more difficult.

 NSCN IM while in 1997 went in a ceasefire agreement with Indian Govt. later the group NSCN(K) also signed ceasefire in 2001 but unilaterally withdrew in 2015 and continues to be in the state of the tussle with Indian Armed forces.

2015 Framework

It was in 2015 when NSCN(K) ambushed the Indian Army's Dogra Convoy in Manipur, and with that , We had launched cross border surgical strike in June 2015 in Myanmar clearing all their launch pads successfully, which we had witnessed at the starting of movie name URI: THE SURGICAL STRIKE.

While NSCN(K) always has the mindset of Anti Government, NSCN(IM) was a bit clear to had some framework with the Govt. so mutually fulfill the desire of Naga Peoples.
Hence, Government of India seeing the behavior of NSCN(IM) had earlier in 1997 made ceasefire with them and in 2015 ,the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi had shown commitment to resolve these pending issue of more than 70 years and hence several meets had taken place in 2015 with the stakeholder of NSCN(IM) in Delhi and hence a Framework had been made between two groups to resolve this issue with mutual agreement, while the deals under this Framework remain secret and had never been spelled out in public.

Government of India had placed an Interlocutor Ex IPS officer and the Governor of Nagaland R N Ravi to hold the tals with NSCN(IM) on behalf of GOI and recently a several rounds of talks had been done to fix this problem permanently for which the due date set was 31st Oct. but because of mutual disagreement, it had not been reached .

Reasons For Not Having Mutual Agreement 

During a series of talk before Oct., The leaders of NSCN were demanding a separate constitution for the people of Nagaland as well as a separate flag apart from a national flag just like was being with J&k.
But for this matter, we didn't agree with their demand which was very natural.
As India took more than 70 Years, to abrogate the article 370, so the provision like for Nagaland cannot be justified as it weakens the sense of being Indian from a particular ethnic community and would make them alienated from rest.
As Indian views are clear regarding this , the constitution of India already had given special rights to Nagaland under Article 371(A) and no compromise could be administered on rights of separate Nationality or Flag.

What Is Article 371A?

The constitution of India had given special rights to Nagaland Under  Article 371 A.
as per this,
1. Indian Parliament cannot interfere on any laws regarding Naga people without the permission of the state legislature of Nagaland.
2. All civil and criminal laws for Naga people will only govern as per Naga customary law not as per IPC.
3. No People Outside the state can own or Transfer any Land property.
4. For the District named TUENSANG, the entire administrations will be run by Governor of state and all rules will be made by Governor only.

Also by giving a special stature to any state means, 90% of Grant and a mere 10% of Loan has been given by the Central government.
While usual states enjoy the ratio of 70% loan and a mere 30% grant from Central.

So, this law already had given the state of Nagaland a special provision under the umbrella of the Indian Constitution, and Nagaland has been enjoying all benefits, hence there cannot be any point to give a separate and sovereign state for Naga people, a separate flag, etc.
Since, Naga feels their Ethnicity is a bit different from the rest of the country , the constitution had given them a special provision to safeguard their Ethnic cultures under Article 371 A. 

 Since it is the common saying Viz. India as India is a country of Multiple Culture , Ethnicity, Religion, Humongous Ethnicity exists in our country but still, the country remain as a single unit,
providing a separate identity apart from country would only worsen the situation in future and lead to even more insurgency in another part as well.

Hence, the Government is firm enough on their demand for not giving any separate flag or constitution to any part of the country would make India and Indians more United.
Hence the best way forward is to make a mutual deal with stakeholders of Nagaland Insurgent groups and stop this more than 70 years of insurgent problem in our North-Eastern part so that all State would prosper equally and contribute to national development.