INDO NEPAL DISPUTE : KALAPANI

India & Nepal Shares a very Harmonious relationship among themselves including similar Culture, Cuisine, Language & Religion, India shares 4 states boundary with Nepal and India having a long list of Nepali soldiers serving in Indian Army in a Gorkha Regt.
Nepal is the only nation whose citizens are not required to take Visas and vice versa, by these 2 examples ,one could understand the Harmony between the 2 Nations.
But still, both are having a disputed territory named KALAPANI.

Why in News?

Recently after the abrogation of Article 370 and 35 A of the Indian constitution by Presidential order, India released the Political Map which shows the entire part of Kalapani in the state of Uttrakhand.
Since then Nepali Administration had registered their protest.

History

When India was ruled by British Administrations in the 17th century, in the 1816 British  Army and the Nepali Kingdom fought the war, with loss of the war, Nepal lost 1/3rd of their land and the Sugauli treaty was signed between both.

Sugauli Treaty 

In 1816, the Sugauli treaty was signed between both administrations which ultimately draws the Demarcation between British India and Nepal.
In the western part of Nepal, at the junction between Nepal and Uttrakhand, the demarcation was decided with the flow of the Kali River.
But with the time, the Kali River has changed its flow because of various geographical reasons and hence the perceptions of Demarcation has been changed

1962 War 

During 1962 Indo China war, the area of Kalapani was under the complete grip of Nepal, but with a very good diplomatic relation, India took the Kalapani region to stationed their Army to keep a Vigil eye on Chinese PLA, as Kalapani is the strategic location situated at the tri-junction of 3 countries and have an altitude even up to 20,000 ft. India utilized this strategic location to contained the Chinese PLA movement.
But, Since the location was so strategically important, India continues to stationed its ITBP personnel to have a vigil eye on PLA activity even now.

So as per the Kali rivers perception, India sees Kalapani as the sovereign part of India under the state of the UK while Nepal sees it as the sovereign part of their country in Darchula district.

2015 Trade deal with China

To intensify the Trade with China, in 2015 India and China had done a deal to make trade through the Lipchuk pass of Kalapani, but Nepal shows its disagreement to India, as per them, since it is a Tri junction, the Nod of all 3 countries are essential, and with only through mutual consensus of all parties, Trade deal could only be reached.

So, after the recent publishing of the Indian Map, Nepal show aggression against India, to exclude Kalapani from the Indian political map.
India's External affairs told the Nepali counterpart to have a mutual discussion to arrive at a common consensus.

Chinese Angle

China by seeing such tussle between both had also interfered and warned India and promoted its support to Nepalese administration.
China took the example of Doklam, a tri-junction between Sikkim, Bhutan, and China that like Indian Authority had intervened there, they possibly in future could also intervene in Tri Junctions of Kalapani, which could be Disastrous for Indian Diplomacy.

Conclusion and Way Ahead

Before the intervention of China in dispute with Nepal, India with utmost urgency diplomatically with proper mechanism should resolve the differences.
As far as Strategic importance of Kalapani is a concern , India cant vacate it, as it gives Indian Armed forces to keep vigilance on Chinese constructional activities near the border which is very important for India's security of sovereignty but at the same time with Bilateral talks, we should take it only for the purpose of our vigilance as keeping Nepal on our side is extremely important to reduce the hegemonic approach of China in South Asia.